Financial and Credit Relations in Agriculture

This article examines the economic substance and specific features of financial and credit relations in agriculture, with particular attention to seasonal working-capital needs, collateral constraints, concessional credit, agroleasing, investment appraisal, and digital monitoring. The study applies comparative financial analysis to three illustrative agribusiness cases: seasonal agro-credit financing, acquisition of agricultural machinery through credit versus leasing, and investment in a refrigerated warehouse and sorting complex. The results show that concessional credit can substantially reduce financing costs, while leasing can ease collateral pressure and align payments with seasonal cash flows. Investment appraisal based on NPV, IRR, and payback period demonstrates the importance of combining financial feasibility analysis with continuous monitoring of implementation risks. The paper concludes that agricultural finance systems should combine targeted credit support, guarantee mechanisms, diversified leasing products, risk-management instruments, and digital monitoring platforms to improve access to finance and the sustainability of agribusiness investment.