Carpet Weaving in the Kashkadarya Oasis and its Distinctive Features

This article examines the historical development, ethno-cultural foundations, technical features, and contemporary significance of carpet weaving in the Kashkadarya oasis of Uzbekistan. Particular attention is paid to carpet traditions associated with Uzbek, Arab, Turkmen, Qongirat, Lakay, Barlas, and other communities, as well as to regionally distinctive forms such as julkhir, arabi or taqir kilims, qiz-gilam, oy-gilam, and gajari. Using a qualitative historical-ethnographic and comparative approach, the study synthesizes written, archaeological, museum, and cultural-heritage sources to identify the relationship between weaving technique, ornament, raw material, natural dyeing, and social function. The results show that Kashkadarya carpet weaving developed through long-term interaction among sedentary and pastoral traditions and became a material expression of household practice, ritual meaning, ethnic identity, interregional exchange, and artistic continuity. The article also highlights the decline of some hand-weaving practices during industrialization and the current importance of safeguarding traditional knowledge through documentation, artisan support, exhibitions, tourism, and heritage-based economic development.