Translation Strategies in Rendering Twentieth-Century Russian Poetry into Karakalpak: Imagery, Intonation, and Poetic Form

This article examines the artistic strategies employed in translating twentieth-century Russian poetry into Karakalpak, focusing on the works of Alexander Blok, Anna Akhmatova, Sergei Yesenin, and Vladimir Mayakovsky. The study aims to identify the principal challenges involved in transferring individual poetic style, imagery, emotional intonation, and formal organization from Russian into Karakalpak. The methodology combines comparative analysis, historical-literary contextualization, and stylistic analysis. Particular attention is given to the symbolic ambiguity of Blok's poetry, the psychological precision of Akhmatova's lyricism, the relationship between nature and national identity in Yesenin's poetry, and Mayakovsky's rhythmic and compositional experimentation. Mayakovsky's poem “Farewell,” translated into Karakalpak by A. Begimov, is considered as a case study illustrating the interaction between poetic form and meaning. The analysis suggests that poetic equivalence should not be assessed solely through lexical correspondence. Rather, it depends on the translator's ability to preserve the semantic, imagistic, emotional, and stylistic functions of the original while producing a natural and expressive text in Karakalpak. The article contributes to the study of Russian–Karakalpak literary relations and the theoretical understanding of poetic translation.