Productive Employment Deficits in Uzbekistan: A Labour-Income-Based Matrix Model, Regional Cluster Analysis, and Implications for Poverty Reduction

This article provides a theoretical and methodological analysis of the relationship between the institutional environment, inclusive factors, and characteristics of regional labor markets when assessing the level of productive employment. It systematizes modern approaches to assessing productive employment, substantiating institutional quality, the ability of social groups to enter the labor market, and economic differences between regions as the main factors influencing its level. The results of the study have scientific and practical significance for improving regional labor policy and inclusive employment strategies.