Organizational-Economic and Institutional Models for Developing Human Capital and Labour Relations in Small Business

The article develops an integrated framework for organizational-economic and institutional mechanisms of human capital and labour relations development in small business. Human capital formation, utilization, development and retention are linked with fairness, trust, participation, guarantees and social dialogue. Based on international literature and Uzbekistan’s small-business statistics for 2021-2025, the author proposes the HCLR–IE–SBP model (Human Capital – Labour Relations – Institutional Environment – Small Business Performance). The model explains how organizational-economic instruments and institutions at micro, meso and macro levels jointly influence productivity, innovation, employee retention and business resilience. A functional matrix, institutional architecture, indicator system and implementation cycle are proposed for practical application.