American Journal of Biology and Natural Sciences

Dental caries remains one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide, primarily driven by biofilm-forming bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans. These microorganisms exhibit strong resistance to conventional antimicrobial agents due to their capacity to form complex biofilm matrices, which ...

Biodiversity in Uzbekistan, encompassing deserts, steppes, riparian forests, wetlands, and mountain ecosystems, is increasingly threatened by climate change, water scarcity, land degradation, and unsustainable land use. This study evaluates an integrated conservation framework that combines digit...

In this study, the operation, activation, process and use of membranes in bioreactors in wastewater treatment are explained. The membrane bioreactor (MBR) method is a simple, one-step method that combines a membrane-bound bioreactor with visualization and description of the activated sludge proce...

This study was designed to study the effects of alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT) on vector liver function and histological changes in Wistar rats (focusing on biochemical markers and important signaling pathways related to cholestasis). Ten male rats were used and divided in two groups, a con...

Arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS) have demonstrated certain promising bioactivities such as enhancing epithelial protected-ness and improving the probiotic-host interactions. Two of the toxicants of concern in the field of medicine, and that can potentially produce dual-hit renal epithelial in...

The current study sought to determine the effects of dietary supplementation, Lcarnitine and herbal methionine on blood biochemical parameters, lipid profile, antioxidant status, hepatic enzyme activity and immune responses in broiler chicken fed on sunflower oil-based diets, as a single diet sup...

Background: Drinking water is crucial that it is a second most needed substance for human life. About half of the world's population suffers from the problem of contaminated drinking water. Objectives: The current investigation presented a thorough assessment of heavy metal levels: lead, copper, ...

To date, 180,000 hectares of oilseed crops have been sown in our republic. However, due to improperly organized seed production systems under production conditions, the potential for increasing yields is limited. This article provides information on the development of a seed production system and...

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by different types of Proteus and are one of the most common diseases. This disease is endemic in many influenza outbreaks, including Iraq. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial infections in females and males and compare the...

The objectives of this study were to determine the epidemiology and laboratory diagnosis of pneumonic pasteurellosis due to Pasteurella multocida in sheep at Al-Qasim, Babylon Governorate. A total of 168 samples were obtained from sheep that had exhibited respiratory signs, comprising 80 nasal sw...

Background & Aims: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifaceted metabolic disorder characterized by an increased cardiovascular risk and endothelial dysfunction. Recently, it has become increasingly apparent that myokines from skeletal muscle may have profound effects on metabolism and vascula...

Background & Objectives: Cryptosporidium spp. is a protozoan parasite that infects people with diarrheal disease globally, especially in children and immunocompromised subjects. Optimal management requires correct diagnoses and knowledge of host immune responses. The purpose of this study was...

Sauropus androgynous essential oil contains unique bioactive compounds with therapeutic potentials and it delivers powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, gastro-protective, immune-protective, cardio-protective, antimicrobial, antidiarrheal, anti-helminthic amongst other...

This study investigated the key environmental, socio-economic, and infrastructural factors influencing the current ecological challenges in the target region. Field observations, supported by quantitative and qualitative assessments, revealed significant pressures on natural resources caused by p...

In this study 100 samples are collected from July 2021 to November 2021 from many hospitals in Anbar (Heet, Al- Ramadi and Haditha hospital). 59 sample isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) have been diagnosed from cases of infections of wounds and burns. There was different level of...

Preeclampsia remains a major obstetric complication characterized by high maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Emerging evidence suggests that the failure to establish maternal-fetal immunotolerance is a primary driver of the disease. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), governed by the master tran...

The emergence of smart agricultural machinery has become one of the key aspects of modern agricultural mechanization driven by the development of automation and precision agriculture technologies along with sensor systems and artificial intelligence. This review provides a thorough synthesis of t...

An assay was carried out in the Research Station, Agricultural Extension and Training Center in Diyala in the season 2023 to study the response of soybean plants cv. Shaima to NPK fertilizer and locally produced nano-iron. A factorial experiment in a complete randomized block design was used, inc...

Climate change is one of the key issues that face the agricultural systems and food security in the twenty-first century all over the world. The current research aims to analyze effects of climate change on agriculture, especially on crop production, water, soil degradation as well as interaction...

Background: Iraq is experiencing a growing epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with an alarming increase in incidence and complications, but evidence on temporal trends and regional disparities is scant.
Objective: To evaluate temporal trends and regional differences in T2DM complications...

This article presents information on polymer packaging materials used to preserve milk and meat products in high quality for long-term storage.

The Khorezm oasis is located in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya basin and is a complex hydro-ecological region, characterized by instability of the hydrological regime, a high degree of water salinity, and increased anthropogenic pressure. These factors have a significant impact on the composi...

At present, one of the fundamental problems is the study of cellular and molecular mechanisms of plant adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. The formation of an adaptive response to abiotic stressors in a plant organism occurs as a result of many metabolic changes. It is known that all ...

The present study was undertaken to conduct a multidisciplinary evaluation of the phytonutrient composition, lipid profile, protein efficiency, antimicrobial efficacy, and agroecological sustainability of Vicia faba seed lipids, with the objective of aligning indigenous biological resources with ...

β-glucans are long- or short-chain polymers made up of glucose subunits, with β-1,3 and β-1,6 bonds, responsible for the linear and branched structures respectively, found in the cell walls of the fungus Agaricus bisporus, which have an effective role in immune modulation and as an anti-inflammat...

Wood is an efficient renewable material that has been extensively used in constructions, infrastructure and engineering products. However, in all of these applications the life of the service is significantly reduced due to biological degradation. Fungi, bacteria and insects are the main agents o...

Ulcerative colitis is one among the most prevalent forms of inflammatory bowel diseases. The hallmark of this condition is an abnormal immunologic response that gives rise to chronic inflammation of the colonic mucosa. The current literature on this subject will be discussed in this article, whic...

Fecundity, is refers to ability of achieving pregnancy and the probability to achieve a live birth, including all steps that leads to form embryo, beginning from fuse of the gametes (sperm fertilize the oocyte) forming zygote and all early stages of embryo ending to fetus. the fertility may be ef...

The current study aimed at determining the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in food handlers and the effect of the infection on the choice of serum and hematological parameters. The empirical work was done in the laboratories of Kirkuk Teaching Hospital, and it was conducted during the period be...

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has emerged as a sustainable and eco –friendly crop with vast industrial potential. Uttarakhand became the first Indian state to legalize the commercial cultivation of Industrial hemp in 2015.recognizing its environmental and economic benefits. Grown primarily...

Background & Objective: Adipokines are important metabolic regulators; however, their relationship with metabolic and hormonal profiles of women is not completely known. To evaluate irisin, omentin‑1, chemerin, and vaspin in the circulation together with anthropometric, metabolic and endocrin...

Background: We conducted this study to evaluate the effects of treatments taken by mothers during pregnancy on the child during pregnancy or after birth. On the other hand, the current study may contribute to raising awareness to avoid taking medications that pose a risk to the child’s stages of ...

This study examines how psychophysiological factors influence academic performance and adaptation in first-year university students. Visual memory, attention, and visuomotor reaction speed were assessed at three stages of the 2024–2025 academic year: beginning, pre-examination, and post-examinati...

Both hereditary and environmental factors contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system marked by neural degeneration and myelin loss. This study aims to examine the relationship between the onset of MS and the vulnerability of Iraqi patients co...

Introduction & Objective: blaTEM-related Escherichjsoninsoula coli is seriously equipotent to multi-drugs resistance, and the synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plants are emerging as an alternative approach for overcoming this menace. To assess the combined effect of AgNPs (obtai...

This paper is a comparative study of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Sphingomonas paucimobilis using phenotypic, biochemical, genomic and proteomic characterization. There were 32 isolates that were obtained in the clinical and environmental sources (18 S. maltophilia, 14 S. paucimobilis). The g...

Toxocara vitulorum is a neglected zoonotic nematode of cattle and buffalo calves, and little is known about its human exposure potential. The current study focused on human and animal exposure to T. vitulorum in the rural livestock-associated communities of Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq, and employ...

The present study was planned and designed to determine the effect of phosphorus spraying on the physiological characteristics and productivity of strawberries. The experiment was carried out in an unheated polyethylene tunnel 9m × 25m, strawberry transplants var. Festival were obtained from comm...

The Uttarakhand Himalaya, often referred to as the 'Water Tower of India,' faces unprecedented challenges from climate change and environmental degradation. This ethno-historical study examines the intricate relationship between climate change, environmental stress, and water resilience in this e...

The aim of this study was to investigate the species composition of the oral mucosal microbiota and to characterize the structure of microbial associations in patients with ulceronecrotic gingivostomatitis. A clinical and microbiological examination was conducted, with samples collected from path...

Background: Giardia intestinalis, or G. lamblia, is a flagellated protozoan parasite that induces diarrhea. Electrolyte imbalances frequently occur in people with diarrhea and can lead to considerable morbidity. Objective: To ascertain the incidence and patterns of electrolyte abnormalities, spec...

This study investigated the toxicological assessment of supplemental Zanthoxylum acanthopodium essential oil in rabbits: evidence from haemato-biochemical and histopathological Indices. Thirty-two clinically healthy weaner male rabbits of about 7 to 8 weeks with an average initial live weight of ...

The effect of the geographical origin on the polyphenolic composition of peppermint was investigated. Three independent biological replicates were used for Erbil and Tikrit respectively, and the pre-flower leaves of Mentha × piperita L. were analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography c...